Indian Freedom Fighters

Mahatma Gandhi:

http://www.gandhiserve.org/

Mahatma means a great soul and Mahatma Gandhi is known as the "father of nation" for India and was the first person
in the world to win freedom through non violent means.












Jawaharlal Nehru:

ww.oldindianphotos.in

First Prime Minister of India. He was very fond of children and roses and his

birth day (Nov 14) is designated as "Children's day".

www.wikipedia.org

C. Rajagopala Chariar:

India's first and last Governor General.








Subramania Bharathiar:


"Bharathi" means one who is blessed by Goddess Saraswathi

www.wikipedia.org

and Bharathiar is widely considered as one of the greatest
Tamil poets. The poems that he composed inspired so many
Indians to fight against the tyranny of British rule in India.

V.O. Chidambaram Pillai:

He was known as "Kappalottia Tamizhan". He was instrumental in

starting a shipping company to economically compete against the British.

www.wikipedia.org

 

                                                                                 See this video from the Tamil Movie "Bharathi"

 

                                                                                    See the video in the movie Kappalottia Tamizhan

     

KINGS. QUEENS, BATTLES, AND LIFE IN TAMIL NADU

Great Emperors:

Mahendra Varman:

Mahendra varman was a great and noble king . He was not only a brave warrior but was also a great painter and musician. He used to disguise himself all the time to mingle with people to find out what their real problems were. For that reason he was known as "Vichitra Chithar".  He initially started building the great temples in Mahabalipuram which were later completed by the other great Pallava kings. Mahendra Varman paid too much attention to arts and music and ignored national security. Pulikesi the king from the neighboring Chalukya kingdom (present day Karnataka) waged several battles against Mahendra Varman and Mahendra Varman was defeated in the decisive battle at Pullalur.

புள்ளலூர் (www.thehindu.com)

Narasimha Varman:

Narasimha Varman was the son of Mahendra Varman and he was also known as "Maa Mallan" (the great wrestler). Narasimha Varman defeated Pulikesi in the "Battle of Vaadapi"  to regain the glory of Pallava kingdom. Narasimha Varman was one of the very few kings who never lost a single battle.








Raja Raja Chozhan:

Raja Raja Chozhan was the first Indian emperors to conquer countries outside India. The countries that he conquered includes Sri Lanka. He built an extensive Navy possibly for the first time in Indian history. He also built the "Periya (big) temple" in Thanjavur considered as one of the greatest architectural wonders of the world.


The Chozha's conquered countries such as Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Indonesia.  Thus one could say that the Chozha's were the the first emperors in India who conquered countries outside India. The Chozha's were instrumental in spreading Hinduism in other countries mentioned above.

Hindu temple in Cambodia: 

(www.daryush.net)

http://www.divinebrahmanda.com

Nedunchezhian:

Nedunchezhian pandian was a great and noble Pandya king. Once he punished an innocent person (Kovalan) suspecting that he stole the Queen's anklet that had pearls inside. Then Kovalan's wife Kannaki proved to the king that the anklet that Kovalan sold had actually rubies  inside. When the king realized his mistake, he died instantly.


                                                               /
                                                                                               
Kanaikal Irumporai:

Kanaikal Irumporai was a brave warrior with several victories to his credit.  Once he lost to the Choza king Chengannan and was imprisoned. He was felling very thirsty and asked the prison guard to bring him some water. The guard was late in bringing water, and the king took that as an insult and gave up his life. 

The Tamil culture is as old as humanity itself. It is extremely colorful and is marked by bravery,  love for the family, a passion for arts, science, drama and poetry.  While kings from so many different clans ruled Tamil Nadu, the dominant clans were:

• சேரன் 
• சோழன் 
• பாண்டியன் 
• பல்லவன் 

www.ytears.in  

These four kings controlled the whole of Tamil Nadu and the other smaller kings simply accepted these four. Wars and battles were very common among these kings and they loved to fight and they never hesitated to die for a noble cause. Now that we have talked about the kings, what are the capitals for their kingdoms?

• சேர நாடு - கரூர் 
• சோழ நாடு - உறையூர் /தஞ்சாவூர் 
• பாண்டிய நாடு - மதுரை 
• பல்லவ நாடு - காஞ்சிபுரம் 

Each of these kingdoms were famous for specific things:

• சேர நாடு - யானை, மலைகள் 

        

• சோழ நாடு - தஞ்சாவூர்/உறையூர் 

          -  வயல்கள், கோயில்கள் 

• பாண்டிய நாடு - மதுரை 

          - முத்து , ஜல்லி கட்டு, மீனாக்ஷி அம்மன்  

            கோயில்

• பல்லவ நாடு - காஞ்சிபுரம் 

          - கோயில்கள் , கடற்கரை, 

            அறிவாளிகள், சாரீஸ்

"சேர நாடு வேழமுடைத்து 

பாண்டிய நாடு முத்துடைத்து 

சோழ நாடு சோறுடைத்து 

தொண்டை நாடு சான்றோர் உடைத்து"

சேரன் 

Famous Kings:

சேரன் :                                                                                    
கணைக்கால் இரும்பொறை,
இமயவரம்பன் நெடுஞ்சேரலாதன் , செங்குட்டுவன்

ராஜ ராஜ சோழன் 

சோழன்:
ராஜ ராஜ சோழன், ராஜேந்திர சோழன் , கரிகாலன்













                                        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raja_raja_cholan.jpg

சுந்தர பாண்டியன் 

பாண்டியன் :                                                            

நெடுஞ்செழியன், நன்மாறன், சுந்தர பாண்டியன்







                                                                                   http://digitalmadurai.com/madura/pandya-kings

மகேந்திர வர்மன் 

பல்லவன்:
நரசிம்ம வர்மன்
மகேந்திர வர்மன்







pallavan.blogspot.com



Home work:

Talk to your parents and find out which kingdom their ancestors came from. Be prepared to discuss that in the next class.